Circuit Breaker

Bursa Malaysia introduced the Circuit Breaker with an aim to stabile market volatility and to decide whether trading is to be put on hold temporarily or to be stopped entirely. This indirectly enhances investor confidence.

The main benefit of the Circuit Breaker is to provide the opportunity for greater information dissemination for all market participants, including investors, to make well-considered investment decisions.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is a Circuit Breaker?
   A Circuit Breaker is a market-wide approach to managing downward movement of the barometer index by halting trading temporarily in the entire market during normal trading hours, during which time information is disseminated to all market participants.
   
   
2. When will the Circuit Breaker be triggered?
   The circuit breaker will be triggered when the Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI) declines 10%, 15% and 20% below its closing index of the previous market day and also under these following conditions:
   
   

   Bursa Malaysia Circuit Breaker Trigger Conditions And Trading Halt Duration
   KLCI Decline		9.00 a.m. - before 11.15 a.m.	11.15 a.m. - before 2.30 p.m.	2.30 p.m. - before 3.45 p.m.	3.45 p.m. - 5.00 p.m.
   1.	KLCI falls by an aggregate of 10% or more but less than 15% of the previous market day's closing index.	1 Hour	Rest Of The Trading Session	1 Hour	Rest Of The Trading Session
   2.	KLCI falls by an aggregate of or to more than 15% but less than 20% of the previous market day's closing index.	1 Hour	Rest Of The Trading Session	1 Hour	Rest Of The Trading Session
   3.	KLCI falls by an aggregate of or to more than 20% of the previous market day's closing index.	9.00 a.m. - 12.30 p.m.		2.30 p.m. - 5.00 p.m.
   		Rest Of The Trading Session		Rest Of The Trading Session

   Note:
   Trading on Bursa Malaysia is done in two (2) trading sessions from 9.00 a.m. to 12.30 p.m. (morning session) and from 2.30 p.m. to 5.00 p.m. (afternoon session).
   
   This finding is supported by a study of KLCI movements over a period of time that included instances of a sudden and sustained decline in the KLCI and a comparative study of international best practices in effecting circuit breakers in other exchanges.
   
   
3. Why was it decided to fix the trigger levels at 10%, 15% and 20% decline of the KLCI from the previous market day's closing index?
   The trigger levels decided for the Circuit Breaker have been found to be the most effective in meeting the objective of addressing excessive market volatility.
   
   This finding is supported by a study of KLCI movements over a period of time that included instances of a sudden and sustained decline in the KLCI and a comparative study of international best practices in effecting Circuit Breakers in other exchanges.
   
   
4. How do you calculate the trigger levels for the Circuit Breaker?
   There are three (3) trigger levels for the Circuit Breaker which are based on a 10%, 15% and 20% decline of the KLCI from the previous market day's closing index. The following example illustrates how the trigger levels are calculated.
   
   Scenario:
   Assuming the closing index of the KLCI on 30 July is 600 points. The Circuit Breaker trigger levels for 31 July will then be calculated based on the 30 July closing index using the predetermined percentage levels of 10%, 15% and 20% for each trigger level. The resulting index levels derived from the calculation will then be the effective trigger levels for the day (31 July).
   
   Once the KLCI declines by the respective trigger levels, trading on the stock market will be halted temporarily.
   
   Table 1: Assuming the previous market day's closing index is 600 points.
   

   Trigger Level and Percentage	Index Points Decline	KLCI Circuit Breaker Threshold	Trading Halt Duration
   Level 1 - 10%	60	540 points	1 hour
   Level 2 - 15%	90	510 points	1 hour
   Level 3 - 20%	120	480 points	Rest of the day

   
   In this example, the first level Circuit Breaker will be triggered at a 10% decline of 60 points in the KLCI closing index of 600 points. For the second level Circuit Breaker (15%), the decline will be 90 points while for the third level Circuit Breaker (20%) the decline will be 120 points.
   
   Therefore, if the KLCI declines below the previous market day's closing index to or below:
   1. 540 points - trading is halted for one (1) hour or for the rest of the trading session if triggered at or after 11.15 a.m. or 3.45 p.m.
      
   2. 510 points - trading is halted for one (1) hour or for the rest of the trading session if triggered at or after 11.15 a.m. or 3.45 p.m.
   3. 480 points - trading is halted for the rest of the day.
   
   
   
5. How many times can the Circuit Breaker be triggered during the day?
   There may be four (4) situations where the Circuit Breaker could be triggered during the day based on the KLCI's previous market day's closing index, i.e. a decline of:
   1. 10%, 15% and 20%
   2. 10% and 20%
   3. 15% and 20%
   4. 20%
   
   Thus, the situations show that the KLCI could decline in:
   1. a staggered manner as in (a); or
   2. abruptly as in (b) from the 10% to 20% level bypassing the 15% level, (c) 15% to 20% bypassing the 10% level and (d) straight to 20% bypassing the 10% and 15% levels
   
   In addition to the above, there are two (2) more conditions for the Circuit Breaker framework:
   1. Trading halts for each trigger level will occur only once during the trading day.
      For instance, if the previous day's KLCI is at 1000 points and it drops to 855 points (breaching the 10% trigger level), trading will halt for one (1) hour. If the KLCI goes up again during the day to 1020 points and then drops to 870, the first level trading halt (i.e. at 10%) will not be triggered as it had already been triggered. This condition applies to all the four (4) situations mentioned above.
   2. If KLCI breaches a higher trigger level (e.g. 15%) by bypassing a lower one (e.g. 10%), the lower trigger level (e.g. 10%) will not be triggered during the trading day.
      This condition describes the example in (iii) above where the KLCI falls abruptly to 15% bypassing the 10% trigger level. In this event, the trading halt in respect of the 10% level decline will not be triggered at all during the day.
   
   
   
6. What aspect of trading will the Circuit Breaker take affect?
   The Circuit Breaker mechanism will only halt trading temporarily when it is triggered. All clearing, settlement and depository operations will function as normal.
   
   For example, if the Circuit Breaker is triggered at 10:00 a.m., all trades matched as at 10:00 a.m. will be cleared and settled as normal according to the T+3 settlement system. All unmatched orders keyed in prior to 10:00 a.m. will continue to be matched after the trading halt.
   
   During a halt in trading, the following are permitted through SCORE in accordance with the Rules of Bursa Malaysia:
   1. Entry of limit orders
   2. Amendments to contracts but limited to the client codes only
   3. Reduction in quantity of orders; and
   4. Cancellation or withdrawal of orders
   
   
7. In the event of the Circuit Breaker being triggered, what would happen to the investor's orders?
   All matched orders will remain valid while unmatched ones entered into the trading system will continue to be in the order queue when the Circuit Breaker is triggered at the 10% and 15% levels.
   
   Unmatched orders will only be removed when the Circuit Breaker is triggered at the 20% level or when trading halts for the rest of the trading session.
   
   No market orders may be entered into SCORE upon a halt in trading. However, market orders entered into SCORE prior to a halt in trading in a particular trading session, shall remain valid for that trading session only.
   
   
8. How would investors know that the Circuit Breaker has been triggered?
   Investors will be informed upon the trigger of the Circuit Breaker through immediate dissemination of public announcements by Bursa Malaysia through various sources - the media, the internet at www.bursamalaysia.com and stockbroking companies.
   
   Upon the trigger of the Circuit Breaker and the commencement of the trading halt, investors will also be informed on the appropriate date and time for the resumption of trading.
   
   
9. What should investor do when the Circuit Breaker is triggered?
   When the Circuit Breaker is triggered, investors should continue to keep themselves updated and informed by continuing to access all possible sources of information available.
   
   In this manner, investors will be able to assess and review prevailing conditions based more on information, and less on market trends and speculation, in order to make well-considered investment decisions once trading resumes.